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Xinjiang energy-based desert management project

Jishan HE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 587-591 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0075-7

关键词： desert governance comprehensive utilization of new energy modern agriculture the Belt and Road Initiative green development

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Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas

Ping NING,Xiangyu WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 181-189 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0698-1

摘要： Yellow phosphorous is an important raw material in the chemical industry. However, during the production of yellow phosphorous, high concentrations of carbon monoxide and other impurities are released. Without appropriate purification and removal, this off gas has potential to cause severe pollution problems once released. Purified yellow phosphorous off gas can be beneficially reused as a raw material in chemical production for synthesis of high value-added chemical reagents. In this paper, the significance of purification and reutilization of yellow phosphorous off gas are explored. The principles, processes, and main characteristics of the technologies for purification and reuse of yellow phosphorus off gas (including technical measurements of impurity reduction, relevant engineering cases, and public acceptance of the technologies) are summarized. In view of the existing problems and scientific development requirements, this paper proposes several recommendations for green production based on the concept of recycle economics. We conclude that advanced purification and comprehensive reutilization can be an effective solution for heavy pollution resulting from yellow phosphorous off gassing.

关键词： yellow phosphorous off gas purification comprehensive utilization

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基于海洋能的海水资源综合利用研究

李伟,杨易嘉,顾亚京,刘宏伟,林勇刚,张南强

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第6期页码 33-38 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.06.006

摘要：

本文将海洋能发电技术、海水淡化技术与浓盐海水电解制氢技术相结合，提出了一种综合利用海洋能源和海水资源的新模式。海洋能发电设备能为海岛和海上设施提供电能，在通过海水制淡有效解决海岛或海上设施供水问题的同时也会产生副产品浓盐水——目前均作为废弃物回放大海，不仅成为一种污染源，也造成海水浓盐水中富含的氢、氯、钠等化工资源的浪费。因此本文进一步研究海洋能电解浓盐水制氢、制碱技术，在实现海能海用、海水资源化利用的同时，也为建设海洋补氢站提供了可能。

关键词：潮流能海洋化学能海水综合利用制氢制碱

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温差能与低温海水资源综合利用研究

付强,王国荣,周守为,钟林,张理,余兴勇,杨浦

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 52-60 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.007

摘要：

我国海洋温差能资源量巨大，主要分布在广东省和南海海域，是区域能源结构优化以实现碳达峰、碳中和的有效支撑，也是未来我国南海、 21 世纪海上丝绸之路沿线诸多岛屿能源补给保障的重要途径；目前海洋温差能发电（ OTEC）技术和装备尚处于实验阶段，兆瓦级试验电站建设成本巨大，整体技术成熟度不及商业级利用规模，亟待发展突破。本文总结了国内外 OTEC 及综合利用的发展模式、技术装备所面临的挑战，针对南海温差能资源开发困境、广东省液化天然气（ LNG）冷能资源浪费等情况，提出了以 LNG 气化的低温海水替代深层海水进行温差能发电的新途径。建议以珠海 LNG 气化站为例，探索 LNG 冷能回收 – 温差能发电、低温冷海水综合利用示范基地的发展模式；通过初步概算示范基地的投资与收益，完成了相应模式的经济与技术可行性论证。相关发展模式建议、应用案例论证过程，可为我国温差能与低温海水资源综合利用提供技术借鉴和应用参考。

关键词：海洋温差能低温海水资源 LNG冷能综合利用温差能发电

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泰州大桥施工营地太阳能利用综合效益分析

丁志群,徐俊,李明

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第4期页码 100-103

摘要：

以泰州大桥北塔，北锚施工营地为对象，从粉尘、SO₂排放以及能源消耗等方面，分析了太阳能利用对比于普通燃煤锅炉对环境的影响，发现太阳能利用能明显地改善营地的环境。

关键词：泰州大桥施工营地太阳能综合效益(环境效益、经济效益)

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CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021431

摘要：

China is the largest agricultural producer in the world. Reducing yield losses caused by pests is an important issue and major challenge for China, especially when confronting global climate change, biological invasions and declining agricultural biodiversity of recent decades. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the impacts of changing climate on two staple crops in China, wheat and rice (https://doi.org/FASE-2021432). They reviewed the impacts of climate change on crops, crop pests and crop diseases. Basically, increased temperature would reduce crop yields and increase pest damage. Biological invasions have become a serious threat to the agriculture worldwide. Developing approaches for monitoring and controlling invasive pests, such as fall armyworm, has been recognized as high priority for China. The excessive use of highly toxic pesticides has caused considerable damage to the environment and biodiversity, which is also one of the many contributors to the increasing outbreaks of pests and diseases. In addition, understanding interaction between crop pests and plant diseases is another critical challenge for agriculture. About 80% plant viruses can be transmitted by crop pest vectors such as aphids, whiteflies and other hemipteran pests. Therefore, to solve the problem of crop pests and diseases, suitable green crop protection methods have been identified as a key components of sustainable development. This special issue of Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering outlines potential conservation and utilization of green options for crop protection.

To prevent outbreaks of crop pests, an advanced monitoring and early warning system could be the first step in crop protection. The use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. Wu et al. (this issue) summarized the fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-impacted countries (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021411). They provide an overview of long-term Chinese efforts in the fight against major pests and to present the country’s experience in crop pest monitoring and early warning technology to the world.

Field management is a traditional conservation agriculture technique on plant protection such as no-till cropping, crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping. Shi et al. (this issue) found that soil solarization is an environmental-friendly promising strategy that achieved complete mortality to the larvae of Bradysia cellarum (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021402). Crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping of different crops or plants could help to reduce the outbreak of crop pests and diseases. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the interactions and trade-offs between plants and entomophagous arthropods, and discussed a landscape management method by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021427). However, such methods are limited when crop pests have already become well established in crop fields.

Pesticides are widely used in the crop protection. The ideal pesticide should have high effectiveness in the control crop pests but low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this case, biopesticides including biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plant-incorporated protectants are considered to be potential ideal pesticides for crop protection. Biochemical pesticides are the naturally occurring substances, they are derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Microbial pesticides mainly rely on bacteria, fungi, virus or protozoans as the active agent. They are environment-friendly biopesticides with high effectiveness and species-specificity, and have been commercialized worldwide, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis. Plant-incorporated protectants are products that are genetically incorporated into plant tissues including chemicals, proteins or dsRNA for pest control or anti-microbial activity. Qu et al. (this issue) systematically introduced bioinsecticides for pest control and discussed current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used and proposed the future research directions in this issue (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021404). Xu et al. (this issue) optimized synthesis process of an anti-plant-virus candidate drug NK0238, and evaluated the antivirus activity and environmental safety of this product (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021390). Zhu et al. (this issue) investigated a new family of natural cyclic lipodepsipeptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By genetic manipulation of accessory genes in the WAP biosynthetic gene cluster, new WAP-8294As were produced in Lysobacter, which confirmed the possibility to expand the spectrum of the biocontrol compounds (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021410). In addition, structural biology studies on action targets provides important insights on molecular functions. Using a structure-based drug design strategy, Zheng et al. (this issue) prepared a battery of novel triketone-quinoxaline compounds, which could be potentially applied to design new herbicides targeting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021401).

With the development and application of new biotechnology in agriculture, opportunities for crop protection are great becoming more abundant, opening new approaches, such as genetic engineering, to improve the plant resistance against crop pests and diseases. It is now feasible to control pests by directly targeting genes that are essential for the development and survival of insects and pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the sterile insect technique based on gene-drive and RNA interference using dsRNA. In addition, it has been confirmed that some gene families are effective targets that indirectly contribute to crop pests and diseases protection by targeting the plant biochemical synthesis or virus transmitting pathways. In this case, identifying new genes associated with the interaction between crops, insects, microorganisms should be a key focus, both now and in the future. Huang et al. (this issue) summarized the recent research on the interaction between plant viruses and insect vectors, and discussed the potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology and gene-driven technology (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021389).

We anticipate that the ideas and approaches highlighted in this issue will help broaden reader’s perspectives on every increasing prospect for a new era of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management.

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金川镍矿床深部资源高效开发与综合利用的关键技术研究

杨志强

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第4期页码 559-566 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.021

摘要：

为了掌握金川镍矿床的深部资源特征和地质状况，对困难的开采条件进行了系统分析，包括高应力、碎裂矿岩体、普遍的围岩变形、困难的巷道支护、复杂的岩体力学特征以及低采矿回收率等。为深部、大型和复杂镍钴矿山的安全、高效和连续开采建立了一个集成技术包，其由蜂窝式进路大面积连续采矿方法的发明、地压控制理论以及高应力和碎裂矿岩体技术模块的建立、新型充填胶凝材料的开发、粗骨料高浓度料浆管道输送的深井充填技术等组成。由此，所存在的难题得到了较好的解决，从而确保了金川镍矿床深部资源的高效开采和综合利用。同时，为高应力、碎裂和流变岩体的地下矿山使用下向胶结充填采矿方法展示了一个技术范例。

关键词：深部开采高效开发综合利用 Key technology

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A Comprehensive Evaluation of Policy Effectiveness for Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings

Xing Wei,Han-ding Guo

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 341-347 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014060

摘要： The healthy and stable development of energy efficiencies in existing buildings cannot be separated from effective policy operation, and evaluating policy effectiveness contributes to scientifically-sound government decision-making. This paper creates an evaluation index system and a grey comprehensive evaluation model for policy effectiveness for energy efficiency in existing buildings using three dimensions: 1) the effect of the policy itself; 2) the administrative effect of the policy; and 3) policy implementation effects. It chooses the government’s subsidy policy and preferential tax policy at market cultivation stage for its empirical comparative evaluation. The evaluation indicates that the former is more effective. Finally, it puts forward policy development suggestions from the perspective of: 1) clarifying incentive object; 2) broadening incentive scope; 3) increasing incentive intensity; and 4) innovating incentive mode.

关键词： grey comprehensive evaluation existing buildings energy efficiency policies effectiveness

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三峡水库综合利用调度关键技术研究与实践

刘丹雅,纪国强,安有贵

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第7期页码 66-69

摘要：

为全面提升三峡工程的综合利用效益，三峡水库蓄水以来对规划设计的水库调度方式进行了优化研究与实践。文章对其关键技术进行分析总结，主要有协调防洪、发电、航运、供水和生态等多目标需求的技术、调度风险控制技术、调度决策优化技术、编制调度规程以规范调度工作等。通过分析以寻求不断完善三峡水库综合利用调度方式的路径，力求实现三峡工程效益最优，成为环境友好且对社会公益性贡献突出的跨世纪宏伟工程。

关键词：三峡水库综合利用优化调度决策风险控制

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三峡工程规划与综合利用

仲志余,胡维忠,丁毅

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第7期页码 38-42

摘要：

三峡水利枢纽工程是治理开发长江的关键性工程，承担着防洪、发电、航运等综合利用任务。工程建成后可确保荆江地区防洪标准不低于百年一遇，大大缓解长江中下游防洪压力，为经济建设发展迅速的华中、华东、华南地区提供巨大的能源支持，从根本上改善川江航运条件，同时枯季补偿调节可提高长江中游河段航道水深和改善航运条件。新时期，长江治理、开发与保护对三峡工程运行提出了新要求，如何优化水资源利用，实施科学调度，全面提升水库综合效益，是三峡工程今后面临的一项长期任务。

关键词：三峡工程规划综合利用

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Analysis and prediction of the influence of energy utilization on air quality in Beijing

LI Lin, HAO Jiming, HU Jingnan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 339-344 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0058-5

摘要： This work evaluates the influence of energy consumption on the future air quality in Beijing, using 2000 as the base year and 2008 as the target year. It establishes the emission inventory of primary PM, SO and NO related to energy utilization in eight areas of Beijing. The air quality model was adopted to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution of each pollutant concentration in the eight urban areas. Their emission, concentration distribution, and sectoral share responsibility rate were analyzed, and air quality in 2008 was predicted. The industrial sector contributed above 40% of primary PM and SO resulting from energy consumption, while vehicles accounted for about 65% of NO. According to the current policy and development trend, air quality in the eight urban areas could become better in 2008 when the average concentrations of primary PM, SO and NO related to energy utilization at each monitored site are predicted to be about 25, 50 and 51 μg/m, respectively.

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Synergistic utilization of coal and other energy – Key to low carbon economy

Weidou NI, Zhen CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 1-19 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0136-4

摘要： In China, coal is a dominant component of energy mix, and it is expected to remain as such over the next 30 to 40 years. Coal is expected to be used even more in power generation. The direct combustion of coal already has been causing severe pollution and ecological degradation, and it is quite difficult to address the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) given the direct combustion of coal. Therefore, the polygeneration system based on coal gasification, which is one of the major examples of synergistic utilization of coal, is proposed. It is a comprehensive solution to meet the energy challenges China is facing. Furthermore, the synergy of fossil fuels (especially coal) with renewable energy, the synergy of different kinds of energy for energy storage, the synergy of centralized and distributed supply of different kinds of energy, and the synergy of different kinds of energy in smart energy grid (power, gas, heat, and water) are the keys to making China a low-carbon economy. Carbon dioxide (CO ) mitigation in China should begin from the coal-chemical industry given their accumulated relevant experiences. The mitigation process should gradually be transformed into the “IGCC+ polygeneration+ CCUS”. The objectives of this paper are to describe the synergistic utilization of coal, and to analyze the synergy of coal with other energy resources, and to propose the scientific and technological problems to achieve these synergies.

关键词： synergy clean and efficient utilization of coal coal-based polygenration CO₂ mitigation energy storage

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我国风电高效利用技术趋势及发展建议

石文辉,白宏,屈姬贤,王伟胜,黄其励

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第3期页码 51-57 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.008

摘要：

我国风电发展取得了举世瞩目的成绩，风电装机规模和发电量仅次于煤电和水电，正在实现从补充电源向替代电源的转变，未来有望在能源发展中占主导地位。为实现未来我国高比例新能源发展目标，促进风电可持续发展，本文围绕实现我国风电高效利用，阐述了我国目前风电利用现状及存在的问题，从大规模风电集群控制与优化调度、风电综合利用、多能互补利用、分布式接入与控制等几个技术方向，提出了未来我国风电高效利用的技术趋势，从风电与大能源电力系统发展、市场机制建立、行业管理和技术标准制定等方面提出促进风电高效利用的相关建议。

关键词：风电高效利用优化调度与控制多能互补系统风电综合利用分布式接入与控制

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中国煤炭清洁高效可持续开发利用的战略思考

“能源领域咨询研究”综合组

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第9期页码 1-5

摘要：

为全面提高煤炭可持续发展能力，实现煤炭开发利用与社会、经济、资源、环境协调发展，2011年中国工程院组织开展“中国煤炭清洁高效可持续开发利用战略研究”重大咨询项目，从煤炭资源、开采、提质、输运、燃烧、发电、多联产、转化、节能、减排的全产业链进行研究。研究论述了煤炭的战略地位与作用，总结分析了煤炭大规模开发利用带来的安全、生态、温室气体排放等一系列严峻问题，提出了我国煤炭清洁高效可持续开发利用战略的思路和目标。明确了我国煤炭“科学开发、全面提质、先进发电、转化升级、输配优化、节能减排、科技创新”的战略举措，为我国研究制订煤炭和能源相关规划和政策提供了科学支撑。

关键词：资源禀赋；可持续发展；能源安全；科学产能；洁配度；节能减排；战略举措

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Utilization of renewable energy in architectural design

TIAN Lei, QIN Youguo

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 114-122 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0012-4

摘要： Renewable energy does not simply equal to using a photovoltaic (PV) board. In addition to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) engineering considerations, the design approaches of architects are crucial to the utilization condition and methods of renewable energy. Through profound comprehension of the relationship between renewableenergy utilization and design approaches, we can achieve a dual-standard of building environment performance and esthetics.

关键词： dual-standard photovoltaic relationship utilization environment performance